Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Fishing Gear Use and Modalities in Small-Scale Fisheries: Evidence from Murcielagos Bay, Philippines

Abstract

This study examines the distribution of fishing gears, monthly patterns of gear use, and fishing modalities among municipal fishers in the municipalities of Rizal and Baliangao in Murcielagos Bay, Philippines. Using a descriptive quantitative design, data were collected through structured field documentation and survey recording, focusing on the frequency of fishing gear use, temporal variation across selected months, and classification of fishing activities based on mobility. Descriptive statistical analyses, including frequency counts, percentage distributions, and graphical representations, were employed to identify patterns and differences between the two study areas.The results reveal that both municipalities operate within a multi-gear fishing system but exhibit distinct differences in fishing practices. Rizal is characterized by a more diversified and gear-intensive system, with gillnets, spears, and fish traps used at higher frequencies and a strong reliance on boat-based fishing. In contrast, Baliangao demonstrates a more selective and localized system, where spearfishing dominates and fishing activities are largely shore-based. Temporal patterns further indicate that Rizal shows more dynamic monthly variation in gear use, while Baliangao maintains relatively stable fishing practices across time. These findings highlight that small-scale fisheries within a shared marine system are spatially differentiated and influenced by local conditions, particularly access to fishing grounds and mobility. The study contributes to a localized understanding of fishing practices and provides empirical evidence on how fishing effort is structured across space and time in coastal communities.